Most nations have recognized the disruptive influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on all aspects of their economies, from manufacturing, to services, to governance, and the potential benefits that embracing AI technologies can bring. It is no different in developing countries and it is certainly the case that the countries of Africa have embraced AI, data science, machine learning, and robotics. However, the transition from recognition of potential to realization of benefits is not a straightforward matter. In this essay, we argue that this transition depends on turning technological invention into innovation, that technological innovation cannot happen without adoption, and that adoption depends on socio-cultural factors, in general, and on trust, in particular. We draw out the implications for AI in developing countries in Africa, arguing that, for Africa to realize the potential of AI in solving economic and social problems, the advancement and deployment of AI must be driven and executed by the peoples of Africa: if it is not, there will be little trust, less adoption, and minimal benefits.